Medium, Large Format

Medium format has traditionally referred to a film format in still photography. Generally, the term applies to any film size in-between 35 mm and large format (4"×5" or more) sheet film and to the type of camera that uses the format. more...

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Due to the higher image resolution offered by the larger film size, the majority of medium-format users are professional photographers who often require fine image detail, but the format is also favoured by many amateur enthusiasts.

In digital photography, medium format refers to the use of cameras adapted from medium format film gear, fitted with digital backs incorporating sensors larger than 24 by 36mm (the typical frame size used on 35mm film). As of 2006, medium format digital photography peaks at sensors of 36 by 48 mm, with 39 million pixels. These new high resolution sensors bring the feedback and greater shooting speed of digital to the medium format world.

Characteristics

The main draw to medium format is that, because of its increased film size (two to four times bigger than 35 mm), it offers much higher image resolution. This allows for relatively big enlargements and smooth gradation without the grain or blur that would characterize similarly enlarged images produced from smaller film formats. While large-format film used in view cameras offer greater film size and higher resolution still, they generally lack the versatility and convenience of a medium-format camera due of their bulky size and relatively awkward processes.

Medium-format film can also be shot in a variety of aspect ratios, which differ depending on the camera or frame insert used. The most common aspect ratios are 6×6 cm (square) and 6×4.5 cm (rectangular). Other frequently used aspect ratios are 6×7 cm, 6×9 cm, and 6×17 cm panoramic. The 6×4.5 cm format is usually referred to as "645", with many cameras that use this ratio bearing "645" in their product name. Cameras that can switch to different aspect ratios do so by either switching camera backs, by using a frame insert, or by use of special multi-format backs. All of these dimensions are nominal; actual dimensions are a bit different. For example, 6×7 cm might give an image on film that is actually 56×70 mm; this enlarges exactly to fill an 8×10 sheet of paper. Another feature of many medium format models is the ability to use Polaroid instant film in an interchangeable back. Studio, commercial and architectural photographers value this system for its ability to verify the focus and exposure. Another pro is that, like large-format cameras, many medium-format cameras have various interchangeable parts. Like most 35-mm SLRs, medium-format cameras usually support different lenses as well, but in addition it is also standard for medium-format cameras to support different winding mechanisms, viewfinders, and camera backs.

Read more at Wikipedia.org